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Discover the best Summer Destinations in France for an unforgettable Experience.

Are you dreaming of a warm summer break?

As the summer season approaches, it’s time to embark on a journey and let me take you to France.

Rich history, beautiful landscapes, delicious cuisine and vibrant culture, France offers a lot of options for an unforgettable summer. Whether you are looking for picturesque beaches, charming countryside, city adventure, France is one of the best destinations.

The French Riviera: sun and Mediterranean

The French Riviera, also known as the Côte d’Azur, is a glamorous and picturesque region located on the southeastern coast of France, along the Mediterranean Sea. Beautiful beaches, sunny climate and vibrant nightlife, what more could we ask for a perfect holiday?

The iconic cities of Nice, Cannes, and Saint-Tropez offer stunning beaches, exquisite dining experiences, and world-class shopping.

But the Coast also has its pearls of tranquility, to be savoured without moderation. Don’t miss the towns of Antibes and Menton with their historic old town, sandy beaches, colourful buildings, it’s breathtaking.

Provence: sea, mountains and lavender fields

For a more serene and idyllic escape, the region of Provence presents an enchanting blend of natural beauty, quaint villages, and aromatic la

vender fields. Steeped in history and culture this region has a lot to offer. Aix-en-Provence, the birthplace of the painter Paul Cézanne offers several museums, Avignon is famous for the Palace of the Papes and its bridge (in reference to a famous children’s song).

The capital of the region, Marseille, is a multicultural city with a rich maritime story. It’s also the starting point of a series of stunning limestone cliffs and deep inlets that stretch along the Mediterranean coastline from Marseille to Cassis, The Calanques.

But Provence is also a hinterland of lavender fields, olive groves and vineyards, don’t miss the vibrant colours of the Luberon region.

Brittany: nature, beaches and emerald green sea

Brittany, also known as Bretagne in French, is a region located in the northwest part of France. It is known for its rugged coastline, charming villages, Celtic heritage, music festivals and unique cultural traditions.

The city of Saint Malo, surrounded by fortified walls is worth a visit. And you are not far from Mont Saint-Michel, a must to do. (Technically located in the neighbouring region of Normandy, Mont Saint-Michel is easily accessible from Brittany). Architectural marvel, panoramic views, charming atmosphere, Mont Saint-Michel’s location on a rocky island makes it a truly unique destination. The surrounding bay features vast mudflats, which are exposed during low tide, and the view of the island rising above the water is simply mesmerizing.

And I can’t write this article without speaking of Finistère, where I am from, this department in Brittany offers stunning coastal scenery and picturesque fishing villages. It is known for its dramatic cliffs, sandy beaches, and charming towns like, Douarnenez, Quimper and Concarneau. Finistère is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts, with opportunities for hiking, sailing, surfing …

My favourite place? Take a boat or sail to the islands of Les Glénans, a protected area with turquoise water, dolphins, abundant marine life, diverse range of flora and birdlife, nature walks, snorkelling… This is my happy place!

Brittany is also known for the wild coast of Quiberon will delight the amateurs of surfing. The Pink Granite Coast, with its turquoise water, is like a corner of paradise… Brittany is a captivating destination.

The Basque Country: surfing, nature and wild atmosphere

Shared between France and Spain, this region is unique. A very strong cultural identity, a gastronomy to die for, musical traditions and folk dances.

Bayonne, Biarritz, and Saint-Jean-de-Luz are popular destinations known for their picturesque landscapes, historic architecture and very famous spots for surf.

The Basque Country offers diverse natural landscapes, including mountains (you are in the Pyrennees Mountains), forests, and coastal areas. It is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts, providing opportunities for hiking, surfing, cycling, and exploring nature reserves.

Corsica, island of beauty

No words to explain this paradise, Corsica carries well its name of island of beauty. Corsica offers diverse and breathtaking landscapes. From white sandy beaches and turquoise waters to rugged mountains, deep valleys, and lush forests, the island offers a paradise for nature lovers. The famous GR20 hiking trail traverses the island, allowing hikers to explore its stunning natural scenery. Discover the warm hospitality of the Corsican people and immerse yourself in the island’s unique culture, traditions, and way of life.

Bordeaux

Wine enthusiasts and gastronomes will find their haven in Bordeaux. Nestled in the heart of the famed wine region, Bordeaux offers a delightful blend of wine culture, elegant architecture, and exceptional cuisine. Explore the charming historic district, stroll along the Garonne River, and visit renowned vineyards for wine tastings. Don’t miss the opportunity to savour gourmet dishes paired with exquisite local wines at Michelin-starred restaurants. Bordeaux is the perfect destination for a sophisticated and indulgent summer escape.

Paris

This list will not be complete without adding Paris. Paris is always a good idea and summer in Paris is even better. The Parisians and their bad mood left, the city is yours, stroll along the Seine, indulge in delectable French pastries at local cafés, and experience the vibrant atmosphere of the Latin Quarter. Summer in Paris also means open-air concerts, festivals, and captivating outdoor activities.

Have a good trip!

Our top 10 beauty mistakes, are you making them?

Mistake 1: Using a foaming cleanser or any type of lathering cleanser.

Especially before Lotion P50. Foaming/gel cleansers can destabilise the skins barrier and alter the pH. This means that the skin is left exposed and is not in the correct state to receive any active ingredients. A milk based cleanser will help keep the pH and barrier in a healthy range and allow the skin to best receive further products.

Mistake 2: Not removing makeup (especially eye makeup) before bed.

Sleeping with makeup on can cause breakouts and clog pores, so always take off your makeup before going to sleep. Also, not using a proper eye make up remover can mean that mascara particles can accumulate in the tear ducts, yuck!

Mistake 3: Neglecting to clean your makeup brushes after every use.

Dirty brushes can lead to bacterial infections and breakouts, so make sure to clean them regularly. Buy some makeup brush cleanser to spray on a tissue and clean after each use then once per week give them a shampoo.

Mistake 4: Forgetting to care for your neck and décolleté.

Extend your skincare routine to your neck and chest area, as they are often exposed to the sun and can show signs of aging. Did you know the skin on your neck and décolleté is thinner and drier than that of your face, you need to care for it differently.

Mistake 5: Trusting random skincare advice from social media.

It’s essential to seek advice from professionals rather than relying on misinformation from strangers on social media. Your skin is individual and what works for one does not necessarily work for another. Understanding your individual skin needs is essential for picking the right products that work for you.

Mistake 6: Using your fingers to apply product.

Avoid dipping your fingers into jars, as this can transfer bacteria and oil to your products. Use a spatula or fresh cotton swab instead.

Mistake 7: Failing to clean your mobile phone regularly.

Your phone harbors bacteria that can cause breakouts, so make sure to wipe it down regularly.

Mistake 8: Thinking that home products will replace professional facial treatments or that treatments replace home care.

They need to go together. You need professional facials to achieve greater improvements and treat the skin at a deeper level, then support the results with regular home care to maintain.

Mistake 9: Never changing your skincare routine.

Your skin changes with hormones, diet, stress, sleep, the seasons and over time, so be open to trying new products and adjusting your routine accordingly.

Mistake 10: Not changing your pillowcase frequently enough.

Your pillowcase can harbour bacteria, especially if you don’t wash your hair every night before bed (who does). Your hair is full of product, oils and pollution from throughout the day which is then rubbed all over your pillowcase when you sleep. Your face is touching this fabric for 8 hours. You should sleep on a silk pillow case and change it every couple of days.

Avoiding these beauty mistakes can help you achieve healthy and glowing skin. Remember to seek professional advice, protect your skin from the sun, drink lots of water and take care of your skin from head to toe.

Escape to France with some of our favourite French films available on Australian streaming services.

The best way to enjoy a film is with a Biologique Recherche face mask and a cup of Love tea, of course!

Amélie (2001)

Romance/Comedy

Apple TV, SBS on Demand, Prime Video

Despite being caught in her imaginative world, Amelie, a young waitress, decides to help people find happiness. Her quest to spread joy leads her on a journey where she finds true love.

The Intouchables (2011)

Comedy/Drama

Google Play, Ritz at Home

An unusual friendship develops when Driss, a street smart immigrant, is hired to take care of Philippe, a quadriplegic French nobleman.

Priceless (2006)

Romance/Comedy

Prime Video, Apple TV

Blue is the warmest colour (2014)

Romance/Drama

Google Play, Apple TV

Adèle’s life is changed when she meets Emma, a young woman with blue hair, who will allow her to discover desire and to assert herself as a woman and as an adult. In front of others, Adèle grows, seeks herself, loses herself, and ultimately finds herself through love and loss.

The Dinner Game (1998)

Comedy

Google Play, Apple TV, Prime Video

Follow the life of Pierre, an editor, who, every Wednesday, attends a dinner for idiots where everyone brings the dumbest person they could find as a guest

Hate (1996)

Crime/Drama

ACMI

In the hours after a riot that has left their friend comatose, three ethnic youths from a housing project in the Paris suburbs seethe with anger.

A Prophet (2009)

Crime/Drama

Google Play, Apple TV, Prime Video

This acclaimed crime drama follows Malik El Djebena, a delinquent young Muslim man, who is struggling to get by in a French prison.

The swimming Pool (1969)

Crime/Drama

HBO Max

Set in a magnificent villa near a sun-drenched St. Tropez, lovers Jean-Paul and Marianne are spending a happy, lazy summer holiday. Their only concern is to gratify their mutual passion – until the day when Marianne invites her former lover and his beautiful teenage daughter to spend a few days with them. From the first moment, a certain uneasiness and tension begin to develop between the four, which soon escalates in a dangerous love-game

Here are two of my favourite films, which I’ve seen dozens of times!

The Big Blue is poetic and almost hypnotic. The diving, the ocean, the anxieties, the taste of risk… it’s intense and heavy but also a wonderful ode to freedom. Without forgetting the landscapes and the music. If you like this director, Luc Besson, don’t miss the movies The Professional andThe Fifth Element.

In a completely different genre, my second favoyrite movie is Hey Good Looking! A comedy that makes me smile, my anti-depression film or just to have a good time. The scenario is simple but effective, we laugh, we cry, we sing. These 4 Parisian women are endearing and funny. A beautiful image of the modern woman who does what she can despite the obstacles of everyday life.

The Big Blue (1988)

Apple TV, SBS on Demand, Ritz at Home, Prime Video

The rivalry between Enzo and Jacques, two childhood friends and now world-renowned free divers, becomes a beautiful and perilous journey into oneself and the unknown.

Hey Good Looking! (2006)

Four fun-seeking Jewish women in Paris share their lives between love affairs, a beauty institute under fiscal control, children to raise, an undocumented Moroccan nanny to marry, repeated diets, family and religious holidays to honour, but before being beautiful, their biggest challenge is to be themselves.

Bon film!

Did you know that your scalp is one of the fastest aging areas on your body?

If your hair is weak, dull, greying, or thinning, it may be a sign that your scalp needs care. Your scalp is where your hair grows from, so having a healthy scalp is crucial for nourishing the hair root and achieving thick, healthy, and shiny hair. However, that does not mean you should neglect the lengths and ends of your hair. By improving your scalp hygiene, you can balance the scalp’s microbiome, nourish the follicles, improve blood supply to bring nutrients and oxygen to the roots, and ultimately result in thicker, fuller, and shinier hair.

Seborrheic dandruff, dandruff, itchy scalp, thinning hair, and dry brittle hair are common hair and scalp conditions that affect many people. These conditions can be caused by several factors, including genetics, hormones, environmental factors, and poor hair care practices. In this article, we will discuss these conditions and how Biologique Recherche scalp and hair care can help to treat them.

• Seborrheic dandruff is a type of dandruff that is caused by an overproduction of sebum, an oil produced by the scalp. This overproduction can lead to the growth of yeast on the scalp, which can cause itching, flaking, and redness. Seborrheic dandruff is a chronic condition that can be difficult to treat, but with the right hair care products, it can be managed effectively.
• Dandruff is a common scalp condition that causes itching and flaking of the scalp. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, hormones, and poor hair care practices. Dandruff can be embarrassing and can make it difficult to maintain healthy hair, but by using the appropriate hair product, it can be efficiently managed
• Itchy scalp is a common condition that can be caused by several factors, including dandruff, dry skin, and chemical irritants. An itchy scalp can be uncomfortable and embarrassing, but using good hair care product can make all the difference
• Thinning hair is a common condition that can be caused by several factors, including genetics, hormones, and poor hair care practices. Thinning hair can make it difficult to maintain healthy hair, but it is possible.
• Dry brittle hair is a common condition that can be caused by several factors, including genetics, hormones, environmental factors, and poor hair care practices. Dry brittle hair can make it difficult to maintain healthy hair, but with the right hair care products, it can be effectively handled.

Biologique Recherche offers a range of products for hair and scalp care. One of the brand’s most popular products is Lotion P50 Capillaire, a scalp treatment that helps to regulate sebum production and improve the health of the scalp. This product is formulated with ingredients like salicylic acid, which helps to exfoliate the scalp and reduce dandruff, and vitamin B5, which helps to strengthen the hair and improve its overall health.

Lotion P50 Capillaire is a gentle, non-drying treatment that can be used daily to improve the health of the scalp and hair. This product is designed to be used in conjunction with other Biologique Recherche products to achieve optimal results.

Here are some tips for maintaining a healthy scalp:

1. Keep your scalp clean: Exfoliate your scalp with Lotion p50 Capillaire and wash your hair regularly with a gentle shampoo to remove dirt, oil, and product build-up. Avoid SLS and silicones on your hair care products like Shampooing Traitant Sébo-rééquilibrant which gently purifies and helps to reduce the sebum level of the scalp which is rebalanced and cleansed. This formula is also rich in soft and non irritating surfactants and offers a real scalp and hair treatment bringing both shine and lightness. You can also use Shampooing Traitant VIP O2, which eliminates the particulate pollutants from the scalp and hair. Its plant cleansing base does not attack the scalp and hair, the hair regains its shine and original strength.
2. Massage your scalp: Massaging your scalp helps improve blood circulation, which brings essential nutrients and oxygen to the hair follicles. You can use your fingers or a scalp massager with Baume Capillaire conditioner
3. Use a hair masque once a week such as Masque Biologique Capillaire
4. Use a scalp treatment: Consider using a scalp treatment to nourish and moisturize your scalp. Look for Complexe Cegaba-Bioproline a anti-hair loss serum that contains all the nutrients to improve scalp health.
5. Protect your scalp from the sun: Just like your skin, your scalp can also get sunburned. Wear a hat or use a sunscreen spray specifically designed for the scalp when spending time in the sun.
6. If your hair is curly or prone to frizz or flyaways you can use Huile Fondamentale to smooth, nourish and tame lengths.
7. Avoid harsh chemicals and heat styling: Avoid using products with harsh chemicals that can damage your scalp and hair. Look for natural and organic products instead.
8. Don’t sleep with wet hair: This can harbour bacteria and the hair is weakest when wet
9. Avoid tight pony tails: Tight pulled back hair styles can cause traction alopecia, hair loss and breakage. Use a silk scrunchie or claw clips instead.

By taking care of your scalp, you can help promote healthy hair growth and achieve the thick, shiny, and healthy hair you desire

In conclusion, seborrheic dandruff, dandruff, itchy scalp, thinning hair, and dry brittle hair are common hair and scalp conditions that can be managed with the right hair care products. Biologique Recherche’s Lotion P50 Capillaire is a highly effective treatment that can help to regulate sebum production and improve the health of the scalp and hair. This product is formulated with ingredients like salicylic acid and vitamin B5, which work together to provide optimal results. If you are looking for a high-quality hair care solution, Biologique Recherche’s Lotion P50 Capillaire is definitely worth considering.

Women’s Day is the opportunity to learn about some French Women who made history.

Modern French women grew up with historical heroine and took a little bit of each one. Perhaps this leads to this very French “Je ne sais quoi”

The Warrior

Joan of Arc, or Jeanne d’Arc, is a figure of French history, she became famous for leading French troops to several important victories during the Hundred Years’ War. Much more than a military leader, she was a woman of extraordinary courage and faith who defied the expectations of her time and became an inspiration to generations of feminists.

Joan of Arc’s story is often seen as a symbol of resistance against oppression and injustice, and her life has inspired countless women to stand up for their rights and fight for equality. She defied gender norms and societal expectations by leading an army into battle, and she refused to be silenced or intimidated by the men who tried to undermine her authority.

The Businesswoman

Veuve Clicquot, also known as Barbe-Nicole Clicquot Ponsardin, was a woman ahead of her time. She was a French businesswoman who took over her husband’s champagne company after his untimely death, and turned it into one of the most successful champagne brands in the world. At the time, the champagne industry was male-dominated, and it was almost unheard of for a woman to run a business, let alone a champagne house.
She expanded the business by developing new distribution channels and improving the production process.

One of Barbe-Nicole’s most significant contributions to the champagne industry was the invention of the riddling table. This device made it possible to remove sediment from champagne bottles, resulting in a clearer and more refined product. The riddling table is still used in champagne production to this day.
Barbe-Nicole believed that women should have equal rights and opportunities as men, and she actively supported causes that promoted gender equality.

The Scientist

Whether you are planning a trip or dreaming of one, here are our best Christmas in Paris travel tips for a Joyeux Noël

Paris, city of light, is even brighter during the Christmas period which gives it an even more magical air and is a very beautiful destination to spend the end of the year.

Don’t forget your winter clothes, it could be very cold but the atmosphere and the “vin chaud” or “mulled wine” will be there to warm you up.

Fly away and here is a short guide of activities to do in Paris for Christmas.

1. Observe Paris Christmas Lights and Decorations

The Paris Illuminations appear all over the city in November and continue to shine until January. Sumptuous displays on The Champs Elysées and other famous sites such as Place Vendôme or Avenue Montaigne, Christmas lights on Place de l’Hôtel de Ville, sparkling decoration in more than 100 streets. You will find more lights at Place de la Bastille, Place de la Concorde, and along the banks of the Seine River. Paris is truly the city of lights!

2. Admire the windows of department stores

The best « window licking” experience is found in the famous 5 Department Stores. Each year, the windows are transformed with imaginative Christmas entertainment for the pleasure of children and adults: Animated scenes, sparkling lights, holiday music, teddy bears, wrapped gifts …

Galeries Lafayette, Printemps Haussman, Bon Marché, BHV Marais and La Samaritaine reveal their spectacular windows at the beginning of November.

Be patient … crowds of Parisians and tourists gather to enjoy the Christmas spirit. And don’t forget to have a look at the famous and huge Christmas Tree under the glass dome at Galeries Lafayette.

3. Enjoy Christmas Food and the famous “Bûche de Noël”

At Christmas time, all the great pastry chefs, restaurants, pastries, tea rooms… offer the famous French Christmas Cake: La Bûche de Noël.

Frozen or not, refined or classic, the recipes are varied and there is something for every taste.

Small, Medium or Large, some pastries also sell “Bûche de Noël” by slice. No excuse not to be tempted!

4. Sip Mulled Wine and visit Christmas Markets

Starting in November, Christmas Markets appear all-over Paris, offering a wide variety of arts and crafts, regional food specialities and other gifts.

Most famous Christmas Markets in Paris:

• Tuilerie Christmas Market
• Hôtel de Ville Christmas Market
• Montmartre Christmas Market

Follow the Parisian tradition: sip mullet wine “vin chaud” and nibble some roasted chestnuts while exploring these markets.

Ingredients for a mulled wine

• Red wine (a French one of course!)
• Cloves
• Fresh Orange
• Lemon zest
• Cinnamon sticks
• Star anise
• Sugar or Honey

Of course, another way to toast the Holiday Season is with Champagne! Santé!

5. Ice Skate in Iconic locations

Don’t miss the opportunity to go ice skating in some of Paris’ iconic locations. Every year and just for the holidays, Ice skating rinks pop up around the city, a fun way to discover Paris.

• Jardin des Tuileries
• Champs de Mars (Eiffel Tower)

6. Visit Disneyland Paris at Christmas

A day at Disneyland Paris is always fun but even more during Christmas. Giant Christmas Tree, Christmas Parade, lights and decorations everywhere, snowflakes… Enjoy this magical experience you will not forget! This year, the show will be more dazzling and elevated for the 30^th Anniversary of Disneyland Paris. Mickey and his friends will welcome you with fireworks!

7. Explore the Covered Passages of Paris

The Covered passages of Paris are a world apart from the famous and busy Department Stores. During the Christmas Holiday, their beautiful 18^th century architecture is decorated with festive ornaments.

It’s a good place to do your Christmas Shopping in a more intimate atmosphere.

• Galerie Vivienne
• Passage du Grand Cerf
• Passage des Panoramas

8. Visit the Churches and Cathedrals of Paris and admire the Nativity Scenes

There are many wonderful Churches and Cathedrals throughout the city, from the most historic to smaller ones you can enjoy the architecture, see nativity scenes and hear spectacular organ and choirs.

9. Do something special for Christmas Eve

Climb up the Eiffel Tower, take a Seine River Cruise with Christmas dinner and sail the Seine with the city lit up, go to a Parisian Cabaret with a special Christmas dinner and show, go to church for Christmas Mass (The Sacré Coeur in Montmartre holds prestigious celebrations on December 24 and 25 with exceptional choirs and concerts) or just walk around outside, you will hear church bells ringing all over Paris at midnight on Christmas Eve.

Enjoy your stay in Paris and Joyeux Noël!

Collagen: a major structural protein

1/ Overview

Collagen is a member of a family of structural proteins whose main function is to provide mechanical resistance to stretching, while keeping body tissues supple and firm. It is also involved in other essential biological processes such as cell adhesion and migration.

It is one of the most abundant proteins in the animal kingdom: it alone represents 90% of the macromolecules making up the extracellular matrix. Secreted by the cells of connective tissue, it is present in most tissues (bone, cartilage, tendons, etc.). It represents about 30% of the total protein mass of the human body, including more than 70% of the dry weight of the dermis.

In humans, there are 28 types of collagen with structures, molecular organizations, tissue distributions and biological functions that can be very diverse. However, all these collagen types have the same structural specificity: their chain of amino acids is made up of a repetition of the same pattern consisting of glycine (“GLY”) and two other variable amino acids (frequently proline “PRO” and hydroxyproline “HYP”), see diagram below.

The repetition of this amino acid pattern forms a peptide chain of more than 1000 amino acids, called the α chain. Several α chains can combine with each other to form a triple helical structure. This combination of three α chains can occur in different ways so that each collagen type has its own structure, giving it particular properties and thus explaining the different tissue distribution depending on the collagen type.

2/ Fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens

Among all types of collagen, a distinction is made between fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens. As their name indicates, fibrillar collagens are capable of combining to form fibrils. These form a network that is responsible for the mechanical and morphological properties of tissues. Fibrillar collagens, types I and III, constitute more than 90% of the skin’s collagen content and are the main determinants of tissue strength and rigidity.

Conversely, non-fibrillar collagens differ from other collagen types by the presence of non-collagenous domains. In other words, they have a varying number of interruptions in their triple helices. These serve additional functions and allow these collagens to combine to form complex patterns. Although their total content is low, these collagens play key roles in the ECM’s organization, such as basement membrane formation and adhesion, fibrillar collagen assembly regulation, and growth factor and cell signaling mediation.

3/ Cutaneous aging

Intrinsic aging has a dramatic effect on the collagen fiber network. Also, prolonged exposure to UV rays can damage collagen architecture.

Collagen increases and continues to accumulate until about age 25, when the skin reaches the peak of its mechanical resistance. After that, the collagen reserves start to decrease by about 1% per year, which causes the skin to thin and then sag. Collagen is much less dense in mature skin and is folded and disorganized, taking on a twisted and dysfunctional shape. Skin is more fragile and becomes thinner and more wrinkled.

After damage, collagen biosynthesis remains too low to allow mature skin to repair itself and replace the collagen that was lost. Thus, the best ways to maintain a youthful, vital and healthy appearance are to promote and protect collagen synthesis.

The dermal-epidermal junction: type IV & VII collagens

The epidermis is strongly anchored to the dermis thanks to a unique and complex structure, the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), also called the epidermal basement membrane. It is an area of approximately 80nm synthesized jointly by keratinocytes in the basal layer and fibroblasts in the superficial dermis. This highly organized structure, with its unique molecular arrangement, is involved in many biological processes such as epidermal renewal and differentiation. To summarize, the DEJ is formed by a basal lamina to which the cells of the epidermis are strongly anchored.

1/ Dermo-epidermal junction structure

The DEJ is composed of three superimposed zones: the hemidesmosomes that anchor the epidermis, the basal lamina composed of the lamina lucida and the lamina densa, and a dense sub-basal zone, the sublima densa, that anchors the superficial dermis.

The molecular organization of the DEJ differs from other basal laminae in the body because of its unique structures, called anchoring complexes. These multi-protein complexes secure adhesion of the epidermis and allow it to effectively resist various mechanical stresses coming from the outside.

• Hemidesmosomes

Hemidesmosomes play a fundamental role in anchoring basal keratinocytes to the basal lamina of the epidermis and to the underlying dermis. They are made up of dense plates containing plectins (keratin filament-binding protein) and intermediate plates containing integrins (cell adhesion receptor). These multi-protein complexes secure adhesion of the epidermis and allow it to effectively resist various mechanical stresses coming from the outside.

• Basal lamina

From an ultrastructural point of view, the epidermal basal lamina appears as two distinct and superimposed layers: the lamina lucida and the lamina densa. These two layers anchor the epidermis to the dermis.
– The lamina lucida in the basement membrane is crossed by laminin-rich anchoring filaments that bind to integrin molecules in hemidesmosomes.
– The lamina densa constitutes an intermediate anchoring zone for filaments from the epidermis and anchoring fibrils from the fibrillar zone of the papillary dermis. It is mainly composed of type IV collagen and laminins. Type IV collagen does not form fibrils, but polymerizes as a network (figure 3). The assembly of this network is responsible for the basal lamina’s tissue support functions and flexibility properties. Moreover, the links established between collagen IV and integrin help maintain the DEJ’s structural integrity.

• The sub-basal fibrillar zone

The last zone of the DEJ, the sub-basal fibrillar zone, or sublima densa, is continuous with the underlying dermis. It is essentially made up of anchoring fibrils whose main component is type VII collagen. These anchoring fibrils project from the lamina densa into the upper regions of the papillary dermis where they form semicircular loops around type I and III collagen fibers. These loops are then reinserted into the lamina densa or combined with other structures in the dermis called anchor plaques, which are made of collagen IV. The complex organization of these protein structures strengthens basal lamina anchoring to the underlying dermis, improving communication between the cells of the dermis and the epidermis.

2/ Dermo-epidermal junction function

The DEJ is the interface between the dermis and the epidermis, which allows it to perform a set of fundamental biological functions such as:

– Providing mechanical support for epidermis adhesion to the dermis

– Controlling metabolic exchanges between the two skin layers, in particular by regulating basal membrane permeability

– Determining the polarity of basal keratinocytes, the spatial organization of keratinocytes and thus the structure of the epidermis. During epidermal stratification, the proliferating keratinocytes remain attached to the basement membrane and the generated daughter cells migrate outward into the upper layers of the epidermis

– Providing migratory support for keratinocytes during inflammatory processes or during re-epithelialization as wounds heal

– Forming a reservoir of growth factors

3/ Signs of aging in the dermal-epidermal junction

During skin aging, the DEJ’s initial wavelike surface tends to flatten. The dermal papillae that create indentations in the DEJ decrease with age. This leads to a decrease in the exchange area and the anchoring area between the epidermis and dermis. The DEJ’s mechanical resistance decreases, resulting in a loss of firmness, sagging facial contours and wrinkles. Healing and tissue regeneration processes are also impaired.

The flattening of the DEJ is accompanied by an inevitable degradation of type IV and VII collagens. The loss of collagen IV leads to thinning of the lamina densa as well as alterations in the anchoring fibrils. It can thus affect the mechanical stability of the DEJ and contribute to the formation of wrinkles. The loss of collagen VII leads to a decrease in anchoring fibrils and therefore a loss of epidermis/dermis connection, thus explaining the appearance of wrinkles.

In addition, recent studies have also identified an important role for type VII collagen in basement membrane formation and re-epithelialization during wound healing. Therefore, levels of type IV and VII collagens that decrease with age must be restored to keep the DEJ in an optimal physiological state.

The dermis: type I & III collagens

The dermis is the dense, fibro-elastic support tissue responsible for the skin’s suppleness, elasticity and hydration. It is highly vascularized and essential for epidermal thermoregulation, healing and nutrition.

1/ Structure of the dermis

Histologically, it is possible to divide the dermis into two distinct regions:
– The superficial or papillary dermis, which is in direct contact with the epidermis. In this zone, collagen fibers and small diameter elastic fibers are oriented perpendicular to the DEJ.
– The deep or reticular dermis alone represents 80% of the total thickness of the dermis. Elastin and collagen fibers are large in diameter and are arranged in a multidirectional manner parallel to the skin’s surface. The deeper you go in the dermis, the denser the network of fibers.

The dermis is composed mainly of fibroblasts surrounded by an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Biosynthesis occurs in fibroblasts as well as degradation of collagen (90%) and elastin (2 to 4%), the main macromolecules that make up the ECM.

Collagen is therefore the most abundant protein in human skin by far. Type I collagen represents 60% to 80% of the collagens in the dermis and hypodermis, while type III collagen accounts for 15% to 25%. The proportion of type I and III collagen is very important to ensure tissue’s mechanical function.

2/ Signs of aging in the dermis

With age, profound disorganization progressively occurs in the dermis. Alterations in collagen fibers and elastic material, as well as changes in proteoglycan content, are the main characteristics of dermal aging.

Aging specifically affects the synthesis of type I and III collagen, as well as their proportion. The total collagen content decreases with age, especially type III collagen. This results in an increase in the type I/III ratio, which negatively impacts skin elasticity and healing. The type I/III ratio plays a decisive role in the scar formation process. Pathological scarring processes are systematically associated with a high type I/III ratio, while a low ratio leads to a regenerative process (scarless healing).

In addition, aging induces an increase in the activity of certain proteolytic enzymes (MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9) involved in collagen fiber degradation, as well as a decrease in the expression of TIMPs (Tissue Inhibitor Matrix Protease), inhibitors of these proteolytic enzymes. This relative increase in proteolytic activity leads to an overall decrease in the thickness of the papillary dermis as collagen fibers separate and orient themselves parallel to the DEJ.

Therefore, to counteract these signs of dermal aging, it is important to reactivate matrix macromolecule production in order to improve skin tone and thus reduce wrinkles and sagging skin.

The Biologique Recherche Solution

Sérum Collagène Originel

All living beings on our planet are the product of extraordinary and complex mutations. Just like them, the collagen in our skin has evolved over the centuries, becoming increasingly differentiated into 28 types of collagen in humans. Each type of collagen has specific biological functions that are essential to the skin, as detailed in the findings section of this report. In order to take advantage of all the benefits of collagen, it is important to look at its different types.

Collagène Originel is a true collagen specialist that acts on the 4 main types of collagen to redensify the skin in 3 dimensions. It is based on two lines of research precisely focused on restructuring the skin. First, it acts on dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) cohesion thanks to Type-0 Collagen, a patented Biologique Recherche active ingredient derived from marine biotechnology, and to Silene extract. They promote the expression of collagens IV & VII that make up the DEJ to restructure it and improve its function as a cell anchoring platform. It lengthens and regains its wavelike structure, increasing the contact area between the dermis and the epidermis. The dermal-epidermal exchanges that decrease with age are restarted. Second, it increases the density of the dermal layer with Soybean glycopeptides and Green microalgae. It stimulates collagen I & III, the two most abundant types in the skin, to strengthen its resilience and improve its firmness.

Deep regeneration makes skin tighter and smoother. Its filling effect plumps up deep wrinkles and folds by significantly reducing their length. Recommended for Skin Instants© with established wrinkles.

Active Ingredients

• Dermal-epidermal cohesion platform

COLLAGEN VII
Type-0 Collagen (exclusive patented Biologique Recherche active ingredient)
Type-0 Collagen is derived from marine biotechnology. It stimulates collagen production at the gene and protein levels. It mainly targets type VII collagen, reinforcing the anchoring of cells to the basal lamina and thus restarting the dermis/epidermis interactions that decrease with age. It helps regenerate the dermis (by increasing synthesis of dermal components) and the epidermis (by promoting keratinocyte proliferation and growth). This restructures skin and rebuilds its firmness. The appearance of wrinkles is reduced.

COLLAGEN IV
Extract of Silene
Silene is a rare and delicate Mediterranean plant, with extremely fine flowers. Its extract counteracts the effects of chronological and biological aging by helping skin regain the biomechanical properties of younger skin. It promotes the expression of proteins that make up the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ): collagen IV, laminin 5 and tenascin 4. These collagens increase the length of the DEJ and restore its wavelike structure, which is characteristic of young skin. This extract also works in the dermis by stimulating production of collagen I and III to restore skin firmness. The skin is tighter and wrinkles (nasolabial folds) are reduced.

• Redensifying platform

COLLAGEN III
Green microalgae: This green microalgae extract is rich in proteins and essential nutrients. It stimulates the major components of the dermis (collagen I & III, elastin) and prevents them from degrading so the dermis regains all its density, thereby restoring skin tone and firmness. It also promotes the expression of dermal-epidermal junction components (collagen IV & VII, laminins 4 & 5) to ensure good cohesion between the epidermis and the dermis.

COLLAGEN I
Soybean glycopeptides: Soybean glycopeptides boost the synthesis of collagen I to consolidate the dermal layer. Collagen I is the most abundant type of collagen in the body; it is the structural support of the dermis. By boosting its synthesis, this active ingredient strengthens the skin’s resilience and density. The skin’s micro surface is smoothed and wrinkles are minimized.

Benefits

• Stimulates collagen at the gene and protein levels
• Boosts collagen I, III, IV and VII
• Redensifies the skin in three dimensions
• Reinvigorates and rejuvenates the DEJ
• Reduces wrinkle length
• Limits the appearance of new wrinkles

Serum A-Glyca

The Serum A-Glyca is a genuinely innovative serum that targets the glycation reaction (which causes wrinkles and premature skin aging). Due to its formula that is rich in anti-glycation active ingredients (mimosa and carcinine), it prevents this phenomenon by way of substitution but also reverses it through deglycation.

Our body needs glucose found in sugars to produce energy. However, glucose isn’t fully utilized by the body. Some bonds directly to proteins, such as collagen and elastin, during the glycation process. This reaction results in Advanced Glycation end-Products (AGE), which are responsible for skin aging.

Active Ingredients

• Anti-glycation paltform (preventive)

Mimosa extract (Albizia)
The Mimosa, or Albizia julibrissin, produces vaporous flowers all summer long and whose silky
appearance has earned it the nickname of “Silk tree”. It has the ability to protect and repair
protein structures damaged by glycation while supporting the activity of specific detoxification
systems. It reduces glycation while maintaining the activity of the proteasome, therefore giving
it firming and complexion-enhancing properties.

• Deglycation platform (curative)

Carcinine
Carcinine, or Decarboxy Carnosine HCL, is a derivative of Carnosine (natural antioxidant) which
has anti-glycation and antioxidant properties. This peptide inactivates the glycated proteins with
the dihydroxyacetone, thus reducing the glycation of proteins and the formation of AGEs, and
forms harmless products which are quickly eliminated by the body. This active ingredient has a
dual action which is firstly preventive by “trapping” the glucose and secondly curative by
replacing the collagen through a transglycation mechanism.

Crème Collagène

Crème Collagène restructures and intensely moisturizes the skin to regenerate it. Its formula is based on a combination of active ingredients running across 3 action platforms to address the specific needs of dehydrated and altered Skin Instants©.

Its redensifying platform helps stimulate collagen synthesis to restore the structure of the dermis. At its core is a collagen segment, the purpose of which is to support and contribute to restructuring the dermis. Day after day, the skin is firmer and more toned.

The cream’s second platform focuses on moisturizing the skin. It enhances its barrier function to prevent water loss while boosting its hydration. As a result, the skin is immediately moisturized. Lastly, its regenerating platform helps rebalance the skin and combat cutaneous aging.

As a result of these various actions, this skincare product helps tighten tissues to make the skin look smoother. Its light texture is also suitable for seborrhea-prone skin.

Active Ingredients

• Redensifying platform

Collagen segment
This active ingredient is a tripeptide made by sequencing collagen. By stimulating fibroblasts, it helps boost collagen synthesis. It also induces the synthesis of macromolecules in the connective tissue of the dermis, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), such as hyaluronic acid. As a result, it contributes to restructuring and thickening the dermis, while also improving its elasticity, firmness and hydration. It therefore helps restore epidermis that has been damaged by age, the sun or the environment. The skin is smoother and softer, while wrinkles are minimized.

Soybean glycopeptides
Soybean glycopeptides boost the synthesis of collagen I to consolidate the dermal layer. Collagen I is the most abundant type of collagen in the body; it is the structural support of the dermis. By boosting its synthesis, this active ingredient strengthens the skin’s resilience and density. The skin’s microsurface is smoothed and wrinkles are minimized.

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Are you going overseas for the holiday Season?

Our top tips for glowing skin before, during and after a flight

Long-haul flights to and from Australia wreak havoc on your skin. During a plane trip, our skin can be weakened by low humidity, recycled air in combination with the pressurised cabin means we risk seeing small pimples appear, puffiness/ fluid retention dry hands, chapped lips, dull skin, dehydration lines and an impaired barrier… Did you know that an airplanes air-conditioning system conducts pressurised air from the compressor section of the engines? Did you ever notice the smell of aviation gas before take-off? Imagine what these toxins are doing to your skin on a long-haul flight.

Maintaining a beautiful skin after a plane trip is possible, follow our advice below and you will be radiant for your holiday!

Before the flight

Prepare and hydrate your skin.

• Drink water and avoid alcohol, (you will have the opportunity to have some Margaritas once you arrive at your destination!)
• Have a hydrating facial before your flight to ensure your barrier is in top condition to withstand the dry plane atmosphere.
• The morning of your flight cleanse well with a Milk Cleanser to respect the pH of your skin and apply a mask. Masque Visolastine+, Masque Biosensible and Masque Biofixine are great options.
• Hydration, hydration and hydration again! Apply your favourite hydrating serum and crème before you fly. Tip: Crème Masque Vernix is a great option to lock in moisture.
• Apply Fluide VIP O2 finishing serum, this will add oxygen, trap and chelate with hydrocarbons and chemicals in the air while locking in moisture.

Unsure which products are right for you? Book a Skin Instant Lab diagnosis for a personalised product prescription and treatment plan

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During the flight

Humidity in an airplane is very low, and your face, hands and lips quickly become dry. When the skin is exposed to extreme conditions or changes, the sebaceous glands try to compensate for the lack of moisture and the skin can become oily. The golden rule is to moisturize your skin while traveling.

• Hydrate your lips several times during the trip with our moisturizing balm Biokiss

Biokiss provides complete care for even the most damaged lips. This moisturising balm is formulated to help reduce fine vertical lips lines, dehydration wrinkles and cracks, leaving you with smooth and soft lips. ⠀

• Rehydrate and refresh your skin with L’Eauxygenante

L’Eauxygenante, it’s the essential product during your flight, loved by Flight Attendants the world over! ! Spray the mist all over your face, neck and décolleté to protect your skin and leave it glowing, hydrated and energised. Use it often through the flight, it has our famous oxygenating complexe to compensate for the low oxygen cabin environment.

• Hydrate your hands whenever you feel the need.

Emulsion Rénovatrice Mains: Hydrating and renovating cream for hands.

Fedua hand creams

• Don’t use toilet water on your face!!! Pack our Eau Micellaire Biosensible 50ml (cabin size) and some cotton rounds in your carry on luggage to cleanse without water
• Drink our Skin Glow Tea during the flight (you can bring some tea bags with you) and try to get some sleep – if you are prone to puffiness the 8ml Liposmose Serum is a must have to reduce tired eyes and have you looking well rested on your arrival.

Our VIP O2 amenities kits is your perfect carry-on plane companion. The VIP O2 range is very oxygenating, hydrating and will protect your skin from the chemicals in the cabin air.

After the flight

After landing, we usually feel tired. There is less oxygen in an airplane than on the ground, our blood absorbs less oxygen at this height that’s why we feel tired. Blood accumulates in our legs and feet and we can experience water retention which can lead to bags around the eyes.

• Walk to get the blood flowing
• Wash your face with cold water and clean it properly

Biologique Recherche Cleansers contain active ingredients that initiate the treatment process and leave the skin soft and refreshed.

• Apply our brightening Masque PIGM 400 and anti-puffiness Patchs Défatigants

Masque PIGM 400 is a brightening and radiance boosting sheet-mask. Signs of fatigue are instantly smoothed away and erased, just 20 minutes after application, while the skin’s initial radiance is restored.

Patchs Défatigants perfectly adhere to the eye contour area. Immediately, puffiness is reduced, the skin is smoothed and wrinkles and lines are less visible.

• Hydrate your skin with a serum and/or a cream.
• Massage your legs from the feet to the top of the tights with the Biologique Recherche Huile Jambes Légères following with Crème Défatigante to provide an immediate refreshing effect and to relieve the feeling of heavy legs. Our Body Massage Glove is a great way to help get the lymph and fluid moving after prolonged sitting.

Have a good flight!